The act slowed the assignment of tribal lands to individual members, and reduced the assignment of "extra" holdings to nonmembers. In , legislation was enacted that was intended to terminate the relationship between Indian tribes and the federal government. Reservations would cease to exist as independent political entities. The government also instituted an employment and relocation program which gave financial assistance and social services to Indians who wanted to leave reservations for urban areas with supposedly better employment prospects.
Only a few tribes were terminated before this approach was also abandoned. Today, tribes possess tribal sovereignty, even though it is limited by federal and state or local law. Laws on tribal lands vary from those of the surrounding areas. The tribal council, not the local or federal government, generally has jurisdiction over reservations. Different reservations have different systems of government.
A map of current reservations. The Library of Congress. Waldman, Carl, and Molly Braun. Atlas of the North American Indian. Third ed. Washington State Historical Society. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. American Indian Law. University of California Berkeley Law.
Indian Removal Act. Jaeger, Lisa. Kappler, Charles J. Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Washington: Government Printing Office, A History of Racial Injustice. Tags: A History of Racial Injustice.
Recent News. More news. And the boarding schools are a great example of that: They were a means by which the government was trying to destroy tribes by destroying families. This is partly why education is such a tricky thing for Native people today. How are you supposed to go to school and learn about Mount Rushmore yet know that each person promoted the killing of Indian people? How are you supposed to say the Pledge of Allegiance to a country that was trying to kill and dispossess you and caused the horrible suffering of your parents and grandparents?
How are you supposed to learn in an education system of which your ancestors grew deeply distrustful, and then be told we have to work hard at school to get ahead? I can speak to this conflict autobiographically. Things are starting to change, but the changes are long overdue. For example, it took all these Native kids from different tribes who previously knew nothing about, or had been habitual enemies with, each other and put them in schools to suffer together.
As a result, when they left school and went back to their homelands to promote the welfare of their individual tribes, they were armed with a network of other like-minded, educated people on whom they could rely. So, in this sense, the policy inadvertently strengthened tribes. Today the vestiges remain in that many Natives are suffering. But as a Native person, I know that for every kid you find, say, standing in a pile of garbage , there are 20, 30, 50, other kids selling Girl Scout cookies or going to tennis lessons or doing their homework or competing on the math team or getting excited about prom—often while also going to ceremony , for example, and speaking Lakota and engaging in other cultural customs.
Read: Native American education is changing—subtly.
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